Overview of Macromo DNA Tests Results

Overview of Macromo DNA Tests Results

Macromo values and our approach to DNA testing

Our tests unlock so much more for people than just fixed, single-time genetic results. In our app, you can import various health data and track your lifestyle, because whether or not you develop a disease depends on multiple factors that need to be considered together.

With us, generic health prevention becomes personalized, fun and easily accessible. 

  • Macromo's approach to health prevention is holistic.
  • We link your lifestyle to your genetics and medical history.
  • Your results are updated with the latest scientific discoveries.
  • Your data is anonymized in a secure data repository.
  • Macromo complies with all EU GDPR regulations
  • Clear and easy to use mobile app.

By taking a DNA test from Macromo, you' re getting a complete solution in the form of personalized health recommendations based on the analysis of your health data in the Macromo mobile app.

Summary of DNA test results:

Links to result categories:

Common Diseases

Common Diseases are responsible for most health complications worldwide. Even though they may be common, they are not benign. Macromo Engine shows you your risk factors for these diseases so that you can take actionable steps to prevent them and prolong your active life.

 

Below is a disease card from the Macromo app. It tells you your genetic results and what lifestyle factors affect your risk. You will also get recommendations on how to improve your lifestyle to reduce your risk of developing diseases.

Coronary Artery Disease

Get your genetic results to learn how likely you are to develop Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) compared to the general population. A family history of CAD may increase your risk, but individuals leading an unhealthy lifestyle are significantly more likely to develop the disease.

Coronary artery disease (CAD), commonly known simply as "heart disease", affects major blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the heart. Cholesterol deposits build up in the arteries, causing CAD and creating a range of different symptoms (such as chest pain and shortness of breath).

High Cholesterol

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to high cholesterol build-up. High cholesterol depends hugely on your lifestyle choices, and preventing the possible complications is highly actionable.

Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in all cells of your body. It can, in higher concentrations, lead to plaque formation and atherosclerosis, a condition that increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. High cholesterol is often a result of an unhealthy lifestyle.

Obesity

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to obesity. While there could be many reasons people cannot lose weight, obesity is usually the result of a combination of inherited and physiological factors, as well as lifestyle choices.

Obesity is a continuously rising phenomenon defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that presents a health risk. Rates of overweight and obesity continue to rise due to the modern sedentary lifestyle consisting of an unhealthy diet, stress, and insufficient physical activity.

Type 2 Diabetes

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Type 2 Diabetes. This disease is not entirely inherited, although many affected individuals have at least one relative suffering from Type 2 Diabetes. Being overweight and physically inactive are significant risk factors that are highly actionable.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that can without adequate control lead to a damage of the nervous, immune and circulatory systems. The number of patients is increasing rapidly worldwide, mainly due to the current sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits.

Kidney Stones

Get your genetic results that can uncover how predisposed is your body to developing kidney stones, compared to the general population. Kidney stones often occur in individuals who don't drink enough fluids. Therefore, preventing them is highly actionable.

Kidney stones are deposits made from minerals and salts in the urine that can cause an obstruction in the kidney as well as any other part of the urinary system. They are a relatively common condition - it's estimated that one in ten people will have a kidney stone at some time in their lives.

High Blood Pressure

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop high blood pressure. While some genetic conditions, as well as inheritance, may increase your risks, your lifestyle is very important in determining whether or not you develop high blood pressure, making its prevention highly actionable.

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common disease in which the blood pressure in the bloodstream is increased above the normal value. Elevated blood pressure for a longer period of time (chronically) eventually leads to damage to blood vessels and subsequent diseases that can affect the whole body (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction, kidney failure).

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. It’s strongly associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, or hypertension.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)is an excessive fat build-up in the liver which develops due to other reasons than heavy alcohol consumption. There aren't usually any symptoms at an early stage and diagnosing often occurs as a result of tests for other issues.

Stroke

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to suffer a stroke. Genetic factors may play some role in high blood pressure and stroke, and some genetic disorders may increase your risk. However, leading a healthy lifestyle and limiting your alcohol consumption can greatly reduce your risk of stroke.

Stroke is a life-threatening medical condition caused by a disruption of blood circulation to the brain, leading to irreversible damage to brain tissue. It is the second most common cause of death and can cause paralysis, sensory impairment, speech problems and other severe neurological disabilities.

Family planning

The Macromo Pro DNA whole genome analysis tests your genetic makeup for all known recessive diseases, including those included in the Macromo DNA test. When you purchase a Macromo DNA test, you will receive your results only for these recessive diseases:

1.    Beta thalassemia

2.    Canavan's disease

3.    Cystic fibrosis

4.    Hereditary non-syndromic hearing impairment

5.    Fanconi anemia

6.    Phenylketonuria

7.    Hereditary fructose intolerance

8.    Leucinosis

9.    Obstructive azoospermia

10.  Pendred syndrome

11.  Polycystic kidney disease

12.  Primary hyperoxaluria

13.  Sicklecell anemia

14.  Usher syndrome type I

15.  Congenital hyperinsulinism

16.  Wilson's Disease

17.  Hereditary Hemochromatosis – Also included in the Disease Risks category

🚧 Macromo Insider articles for these diseases are in progress.

Cancer Risks

Some rare genetic mutations can increase your risk of developing cancer earlier in your life. We analyze these mutations, so that you can get a personalized screening plan from your healthcare provider and increase the chance of early detection of many cancers.

 

Basal cell carcinoma

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop basal skin carcinoma. Although some genetic conditions are responsible for an increased risk of developing this disease, it is highly preventable if you limit your sun exposure and follow some simple guidelines to lower your risks.

Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that starts in the lower part of the skin. It grows very slowly and almost never metastasizes, which defines its great prognosis. It often arises in areas often exposed to the sun and appears as a shiny skin-coloured or darker lesion.

Lung Cancer

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop lung cancer. Most types of lung cancer are not related to genetic changes, and quitting smoking greatly reduces your risk.

Lung cancer is a cancerous growth that starts in the lungs. Almost 90% of cases are caused by cigarette smoking, but unfortunately non-smokers are also at risk. Passive smoking or exposure to substances such as asbestos or radon are also risk factors. The lungs are also a common site of metastasis.

Melanoma

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop melanoma. People with a family history of melanoma, people having fair skin, and individuals living closer to the equator are at higher risk of developing the disease - however, there are concrete actions you can take to decrease it.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is caused by the uncontrolled growth of pigment-producing cells in the skin. It can develop anywhere on the body but is more common in areas that have had prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs.

Multiple Myeloma

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop multiple myeloma. People who have a family history of the disease are at higher risk, as well as men, people of a black race, and those previously affected by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that originates in white blood cells, called plasma cells, which normally produce antibodies to help the body fight infections. One of the first symptoms may be bone pain, sometimes accompanied by weakness and/or numbness in the hands and feet.

Skin Cancer

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop skin cancer. This disease results from DNA mutations of the skin cells, often as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, therefore, you can take action to prevent it.

Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells that often results from repeated and prolonged exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. The spectrum of the disease is very wide, ranging from mostly harmless basaliomas to life-threatening melanoma.

Brain Tumor

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop a brain tumor. A small portion of brain tumors is associated with known genetic conditions, while age, obesity, and medical radiation exposure are other factors increasing one's risk of developing a tumor

Brain tumours are the result of abnormal growth of brain cells affecting the brain tissue and the meninges. They can arise primarily, but more often they are secondary tumours - i.e. metastases of a tumour arising elsewhere. The presence of a bone shell and blood-brain barrier significantly distinguishes them from other tumours.

Colorectal Cancer

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop colorectal cancer. People with a history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative are at higher risk, but lifestyle choices (such as diet, exercise, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) may influence your probability of developing a disease.

Colorectal cancer is a cancer of the large intestine that originates in the colon or rectum. The most common symptoms are blood in the stool, abdominal pain and weight loss. Regular screening, starting at age 45, is the key to early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Prostate Cancer

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop prostate cancer. While age, race, and family history might increase your risk, opting for a healthy lifestyle might significantly reduce your likelihood of developing this disease.

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer affecting the prostate - a small walnut-shaped gland of the male reproductive system, that produces the seminal fluid. It's one of the most common types of cancer, with a positive prognosis when detected early. Key symptoms of prostate cancer include trouble urinating, blood in the urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, or unintentional weight loss.

Thyroid Cancer

Get your genetic results to learn how predisposed you are to developing thyroid cancer. Certain inherited genetic conditions may increase your risk of developing thyroid cancer, together with frequent exposure to ionizing radiation.

Thyroid cancer is an abnormal growth of the cells originating in the thyroid gland, which produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. As thyroid cancer grows, it can cause voice changes and difficulty swallowing. One of the main risk factors is exposure to ionizing radiation and pre-existing thyroid disease.

Bladder cancer

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to bladder cancer. Many factors are accountable for the increased risk, including age, gender, race, and family history.

Bladder cancer, whether malignant or benign, is three times more common in men than in women. The main risk factor is smoking. Symptoms include frequent and painful urination, blood in the urine and intense back pain.

Breast Cancer

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to breast cancer. Approximately 5 to 10% of breast cancers are associated with known gene mutations often passed through generations of a family, but your lifestyle choices can decrease your risk of developing the disease.

Breast cancer is a cancer of the breast, affecting mainly women. After skin cancer, it is the second most common cancer in women. It usually occurs in women after menopause, but genetic predispositions can cause earlier onset. Painless lump in the breast, sometimes detectable only by imaging methods, may often be the first symptom of breast cancer.

Esophageal Cancer

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to esophageal cancer. Genetic mutations leading to the development of esophageal cancer are much less important in the overall risk than your lifestyle choices (e.g., heavy smoking and alcohol abuse, untreated reflux disease); therefore, preventing esophageal cancer is highly actionable.

Esophageal cancer is a tumorous growth in the esophagus - a long, hollow tube connecting your throat and stomach. Symptoms can include difficulties swallowing, unintended weight loss, coughing, or a burning sensation.

Disease Risks

Many disease risks are actionable if you're aware of your predispositions and take measures to reduce them by improving your lifestyle habits. Watch out for your unhealthy habits and try to replace them with good habits instead.

 

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Get your genetic results that can uncover how predisposed is your body to developing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), compared to the general population. The risk of developing DVT is highly dependent on several lifestyle factors and medical conditions.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in your body, most commonly in the legs. The affected area might be warm, red, swollen, and painful. It can lead to serious complications and is an indication to start anti-clotting therapy.

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

Get your genetic results that can uncover how predisposed is your body to developing Hemochromatosis, compared to the general population. It is a disease that is highly influenced by genetics.

Haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by a mutation in the HFE gene. This mutation leads to increased iron absorption, consequently exceeding physiological iron levels and causing iron accumulation in various tissues. This can cause liver and heart problems, joint pain, diabetes, bronze-coloured skin, etc.

Gout

Get your genetic results to find how likely are you to develop gout. Family history of gout, as well as some medical conditions, may play an important role in determining your risks, but controlling your weight and eating a healthy diet may drastically lower your chances of developing this disease.

Gout is a common inflammatory condition ofthe joints characterized by severe pain episodes. It is mainly caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the body. It tends to crystalize and accumulate in the joints and surrounding tissues in high concentrations, causing pain.

Celiac Disease

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop Celiac Disease, an auto immune condition that is mostly attributed to a combination of genetics and environmental factors.

Celiac disease is a hereditary intolerance to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. When affected, your immune system attacks your tissues when eating gluten. Treatment involves a lifelong gluten-free diet.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Family history should be taken into account, but other factors increasing your risk include obesity, smoking, long-term alcohol abuse, drug use, and ionizing radiation exposure. Therefore, you can adhere to a healthy lifestyle to minimize the risks.

Cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the heart muscle and makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. Early stages of the disease usually don't show any symptoms, but as the condition advances, symptoms may include breathlessness, cough while lying down, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and even fainting.

Hypothyroidism

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop hypothyroidism. Some factors increasing your risks of developing the disease include family history, age, gender, history of autoimmune diseases, and exposure of your neck to radiation.

Hypothyroidism is a very common health condition in which the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones leading to a slow down of the metabolism. Symptoms may include feelings of fatigue, exhaustion, weight gain or constant cold. Treatment with synthetic thyroid hormones is necessary to prevent complications.

Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop inflammatory skin diseases. Most skin conditions run in family, so knowing your genetic predisposition is key to preventing and keeping these diseases under control. Some lifestyle choices, however, such as smoking, may trigger these conditions.

Inflammatory skin diseases are often manifested by the formation of itchy lesions. Examples of these diseases include psoriasis, dermatitis, and eczema. Beyond a nasty itch, skin diseases may cause great discomfort and even pain.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Get your genetic results to find out how likely are you to develop Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The exact cause of the condition is still unknown and more research is needed; however, a combination of lifestyle and genetics may play an important role in determining your risks.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition caused by hormonal inbalance. It is characterized by an excess of male sex hormones, ovarian cysts and irregular periods. It can lead to various complications such as diabetes, obesity, heart diseases or infertility.

Brugada Syndrome

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to be affected by Brugada syndrome. This condition is often passed down through families, and while it might not have any symptoms at the beginning, this disease is potentially life-threatening if left untreated.

Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited disease associated with a high risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias(heart rhythm disorders). These arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which can lead to loss of consciousness, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death.

Cataract

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop a cataract. Factors that may increase your risk of developing the disease include alcohol abuse, smoking, excessive exposure to sunlight, obesity, and some medical conditions, such as diabetes.

A cataract is a disease in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing a deterioration of vision, resembling looking through a dirty glass. It is mostly an acquired disease and accounts for a large number of cases of blindness in developing countries. In developed countries, it is commonly treated with quick and safe surgery.

Alzheimer's disease

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Alzheimer's disease. This condition is usually caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurologic disorder that causes brain cell damage, resulting in atrophy of the brain. It may start with memory loss (forgetting events and conversations), and gradually progress, causing loss of brain function and severe decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Smoking is the most important risk factor related to aortic aneurysms, along with genetic risk factors. Its prevention is actionable if one chooses a healthy lifestyle.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal dilatation of the main artery delivering blood to the lower body. It can be diagnosed by a screening ultrasound test, prior to the presentation of any symptoms.

Atrial Fibrillation

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop atrial fibrillation. Problems with the heart structure are the most common cause of the condition.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in adults worldwide. Specifically, affected adults experience irregular, very rapid heart rhythms with absolute irregularity.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An uncommon genetic disorder is responsible for some COPD cases, but most cases are influenced by smoking or frequent exposure to second-hand smoke, chemicals, or pollutants which all contribute significantly to COPD development.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a disease that causes obstructed airflow to the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulties and cough. The most common cause of this disease is prolonged exposure to irritating gases, including the many toxic compounds in cigarette smoke.

Chronic Periodontitis

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Chronic periodontitis. Certain diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease) and medical conditions (like HIV/AIDS) may increase your risk of developing the disease. Still, lifestyle choices like good oral hygiene, quitting smoking, avoiding drugs, and eating a healthy diet can significantly lower your risks.

Chronic periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the gums, caused by the accumulation of large amounts of dental plaque. At first, it may appear with few symptoms of irritation, swelling, and redness, and slowly progress into the chronic stage over time.

Crohn's Disease

Get your genetic results to find out how likely you are to develop Crohn's disease. Having a family history of the disease, being of a certain ethnicity, and smoking can increase your risks.

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect any part of the digestive tract, causing the swelling of tissues. Usual symptoms include chronic abdominal pain and disruptions in bowel habits. The patient's quality of life can be significantly improved by surgical, medical and biological treatment.

Migraine

Get your genetic results to find out how predisposed are you to migraines. Genetics and environmental factors play some role in triggering migraine, but many lifestyle choices are contributing to it, too. Choosing a healthy lifestyle helps to improve your overall health and prevent or manage many health conditions, including migraine.

Migraine is a common type of headache. The condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of unilateral, localized pain frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Osteoporosis

Get your genetic results to find out your risk of developing osteoporosis. Family history and DNA play some role in determining your predisposition to the disease, but your lifestyle is highly influential. Learn how you can prevent the development of this condition.

Osteoporosis is a disease of the bones in which they become fragile and tend to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often diagnosed only when a fall or sudden impact causes a bone fracture. Osteoporosis is a common cause of long-term back pain because the bones of the spine are particularly susceptible to this disease.

Lactose Intolerance

Get your genetic results to learn more about your predisposition to lactose intolerance. This is an inherited condition that may influence your body's ability to digest lactose found in dairy products.

Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other dairy products. The cause is a deficiency of an enzyme called lactase, which breaks down milk sugar into simpler forms that can be absorbed by our bodies.

Hypertriglyceridemia

Get your genetic results to learn more about your risk of developing high triglyceride levels. An excess of triglycerides in your blood is a risk factor of many diseases.

Hypetriglyceridemia (HTG) is a medical condition characterized by abnormally elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood. Triglycerides are the main form of body fat in humans, and if their levels in the blood increase, the patient is at a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease or pancreatitis. HTG usually remains silent for a long time, which makes preventive checkups a key factor in preventing the development of potential complications.

Age-Related Hearing Impairment

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to age-related hearing impairment. While it is common in older people, several conditions, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, may increase your risk. Choosing a healthy lifestyle and preventing other age-related diseases may decrease the risk considerably.

Age-related hearing loss usually manifests itself after the age of 65 and affects both ears equally. In addition to family predispositions, other risk factors - diabetes, loud environments and smoking -also influence the development of the disease. Affected individuals may have difficulties hearing what other people are saying.

Allergies

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to allergies. Allergies are often inherited and are detectable through testing. Certain lifestyle changes and medications may help you manage the symptoms.

An allergy is an exaggerated reaction of the immune system to substances commonly encountered in the environment (e.g.dust or pollen). Exposure to an allergen leads to the production of antibodies and a subsequent inflammatory reaction in the skin, respiratory tract or digestive tract, and the development of typical symptoms such as a runny nose, rash, swollen face and breathing difficulties.

Autism spectrum disorder

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to being affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder. ASD is usually diagnosed in children, but some people get the diagnosis later in life. Genetic mutations and environmental factors are most likely to be responsible for ASD development, but more research is needed.

Autism spectrum disorder is related to brain development and impacts a person's social and behavioral patterns. The word "spectrum" means there are many different symptoms, but very often people diagnosed with ASD might have difficulties with how they perceive, interact and communicate with other people.

Daytime Sleepiness

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to daytime sleepiness. Although excessive sleepiness is not a disease itself, it's worth your attention as your body might be communicating not only the lack of sleep but also a development of a sleep disorder or an underlying medical condition.

Daytime sleepiness, or excessive daytime sleepiness, is a condition where it is difficult for a person to maintain attention and alertness, which disrupts daily life and increases the risk of accidents and errors. It occurs regularly, even after sufficient sleep, and can be a symptom of a more serious illness.

Endometriosis

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to develop endometriosis. Although having close relatives suffering from the condition increases one's risk, there are several other factors affecting your likelihood to develop the disease, such as never giving birth, heavy menstrual periods, shorter menstrual cycles, and higher levels of estrogen. However, certain lifestyle choices may significantly lower your risk

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue that resembles the tissue lining of the inner wall of the uterus grows outside of its normal place. It is a chronic disease that can affect women of all ages.

Gallstones

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to develop gallstones. A sedentary lifestyle, being overweight, and eating a high-fat or high-cholesterol diet are all factors increasing your risk, therefore, preventing gallstones is highly actionable.

Gallstones are hard deposits (mainly made from cholesterol) forming in the gallbladder that usually don't cause any symptoms. However, gallstones can obstruct the billiary tract - in this case, people can experience severe, sudden pain in their abdominal area, side, or even shoulder, that can last up to hours. In such cases, gallbladder removal surgery might be recommended.

Glaucoma

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to develop glaucoma. Family history may play an important role in determining your risks, but there are certain actionable strategies to help you lower your risks.

Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve, leading to impaired vision or complete blindness. An important risk factor for the development of glaucoma is an increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure).

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Older people, smokers, and those consuming large amounts of saturated fats or suffering from high blood pressure are at greater risk. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can lower your risk of developing this disease.

Age-related macular degeneration is a serious disease, mainly affecting people over the age of 55, which can lead to severe vision loss. It develops when the cells that are responsible for sharp, colour and central vision (cones) malfunction or die. Those cells are located in the centre of the retina - the macula.

Asthma

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing asthma. Having a close relative with asthma may put you at higher risk, but so does having another allergic condition, being overweight, smoking, or being exposed to air pollution.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. In response to various stimuli, the bronchial tubes constrict, causing dry coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. The stimulus may be dust, smoke, animal hair, pollen or increased physical activity.

Insulin Resistance and Response

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing insulin resistance. Family history and DNA play an important role in determining your risks, but it is possible to prevent and even reverse this condition through a series of lifestyle changes.

Insulin is a hormone that helps our cells convert ingested sugars into energy. In insulin resistance, the cells do not respond to insulin and the amount of blood sugar rises. This causes the pancreas to constantly increase its insulin production, which can lead to it's complete exhaustion. This condition results in a drastic increase in blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing irritable bowel syndrome. This condition depends largely on your lifestyle, and therefore, its prevention is highly actionable.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract characterized by otherwise unexplainable abdominal pain and a change in bowel movements.

Pancreatitis

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing pancreatitis. The role of genetics is becoming more and more recognized in the diagnosis, but lifestyle choices, such as smoking and alcohol abuse, together with some medical conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, can increase your risk.

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas occurring acutely or over a long period due to various causes such as alcohol consumption or gallstones.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to developing Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). Although this condition is often determined by genetic factors, some diseases and physical states may trigger it.

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterised by an urge to move the legs, caused by uncomfortable tingling, tickling or pain in the legs. It usually occurs when falling asleep or during the night and can be alleviated by moving or walking.

Histamine Intolerance

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to histamine intolerance. This condition is manageable through a series of lifestyle choices.

Histamine intolerance occurs when an enzyme called diaminooxidase (DAO), which normally breaks down histamine, does not work properly. This leads to a gradual build-up of histamine in the tissue and the development of symptoms that resemble an allergic reaction.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Get your genetic results to uncover your risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea. Family history plays an important role in determining your risks, but many lifestyle factors contribute to the development of this condition. Learn what you can do to lower your risks.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition in which individuals experience pauses in breathing (apnea) during sleep, which are associated with partial or complete closure of the throat (upper airway). It can be managed through some lifestyle modifications or by using special devices assisting your breathing during sleep.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Get your genetic results to uncover your risk of familial hypercholesterolemia.

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a condition that runs in families. It is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol levels. It is different from the High Cholesterol risk score report by analyzing a more specific causality, which is much more closely inherited, with higher chance of passing it on your children.

Osteoarthritis

Get your genetic results to uncover your risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when the elastic tissue at the ends of bones wears away. It can have many causes, including genetic factors. It is most common in older people.

Diet and Nutrition

Your genetics can affect the way your body absorbs nutrients and vitamins. Browse through your reports to see which nutrients your body absorbs well.

Caffeine Metabolism

Get your genetic results to find out how you may react to coffee. Genetics play an important role in determining your reaction and even the amount of caffeine you may drink in the first place; other factors, such as smoking, liver disease, alcohol consumption, and certain medications may also impact your reaction to caffeine.

Caffeine is a stimulant mainly found in tea, coffee or energy drinks. It's the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, stimulating the nervous system, muscles and heart. Peak of the caffeine blood levels occurs within 15–45 minutes of consumption.

Antioxidants

Get your genetic results to find out the amount of antioxidants your body requires. Your body produces antioxidants, but you can always gain them from certain foods.

Antioxidants (e.g. vitamins A, C, E, selenium and carotenoids) are substances that can prevent cell damage from free radicals - unstable molecules produced as by-products of normal metabolism.

Vitamin E

Get your genetic results to find out what are your body needs for vitamin E. Keep reading to find out what foods contain it, and how it can promote your health.

Vitamin E is one of the most important antioxidants. It helps maintain healthy skin, hair and eyesight, helps maintain a healthy immune system, promotes normal growth and development of cells and tissues, protects against certain cancers and helps lower cholesterol levels.

Omega 3 ALA

Get your genetic results to find out your body's needs of Omega 3 fatty acids.

Omega 3 ALA is a fatty acid found in plants (e.g. nuts, seeds) or vegetable oils. It plays a key role in many aspects of our health and has been shown to have a positive effect on the prevention of heart disease and stroke. It is important to know that all omega 3 acids (ALA,DHA, EPA) are different and have their own specifics.

Omega 3 DHA

Get your genetic results to find out your body's needs of Omega 3 fatty acids.

Omega 3 DHA is a fatty acid found in most fish and seafood. It has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, among other health benefits. You may know it as a dietary supplement in the form of fish oil, which is a source of both Omega 3 DHA and EPA.

Omega 3 DPA

Get your genetic results to find out your body's needs of Omega 3 fatty acids.

Omega 3 DPA is a type of fatty acid essential for many human body functions, that can be found in variety of foods and is recommended to consume on a daily basis. It has been found to be beneficial in the prevention of heart disease and has many other health benefits.

Omega 3 EPA

Get your genetic results to find out your body's needs of Omega 3 fatty acids.

Omega 3 EPA is a fatty acid found in most fish and seafood. It has been shown to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke, among other health benefits. You may know it as a dietary supplement in the form of fish oil, which is a source of both Omega 3 EPA and DHA.

Vitamin K

Get your genetic results to find out your body's vitamin K needs. Keep reading to learn more about foods rich and vitamin K and what vitamin K deficiency is.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting, bone mineralisation and cell growth. Its proper action is affected by antibiotics, X-rays, excess vitamins A and E, alcohol and mineral oils.

Zinc

Get your genetic results to find out your body's zinc needs. Keep reading to learn more about zinc's role in your health, and what foods are rich in it.

Zinc is an essential mineral that is necessary for many functions of the human body. It is needed for maintaining a healthy immune system, wound healing, insulin production and neurological function. It also plays a large role in cell division, muscle growth and physical development.

Iron

Get your genetic results to find out your need of dietary iron. A lack of iron in your diet, as well as an inability to absorb it or some physical conditions, like pregnancy, may all affect your iron levels.

Iron is an important nutrient involved in the formation of blood cells that carry oxygen around the body. You usually get all the iron you need from your daily diet, but sometimes supplementation maybe necessary (for example, in women who have heavy periods and lose a lot of blood, which puts them at higher risk of iron deficiency anaemia).

Magnesium

Get your genetic results to find out your need of dietary magnesium. A lack of magnesium in your diet, as well as some medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, digestive problems, kidney problems, and alcoholism, may contribute to the deficiency.

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for the human body that helps regulate nerve and muscle function, promotes bone health and maintains a steady heart rhythm.

Inclination to alcohol abuse

Get your genetic results to find out your predisposition to alcohol abuse. DNA determines our traits, and parents can pass on to their children the inclination towards alcohol abuse and addiction.

Even people with a genetic predisposition to alcohol abuse need a trigger to develop a substance abuse and/or addiction. Some risk factors include work or relationship stress, aggressive behavior in childhood, lack of parental supervision, peer pressure, physical or sexual abuse, and witnessing or being a victim of violence.

Vitamin A

Get your genetic results to learn about your body's vitamin A needs. Find out how efficiently you process vitamin A and make sure you consume enough to stay healthy.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for the growth and development of a healthy body. It's also important to vision, cell division, reproduction and immunity.

Vitamin B12

Get your genetic results to learn about your body's vitamin B12 needs. Keep reading to find out why you need it and where you can find it.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the function and development of brain and nerve cells, DNA formation and red blood cell synthesis. Adequate amounts of vitamin B12 in the body improve memory, increase concentration and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Vitamin B6

Get your genetic results to learn about your body's vitamin B6 needs. Keep reading to find out how why you need vitamin B6 and what foods are rich in it.

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that is important for the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as it is crucial for converting nutrients into energy for our bodies. It is also a key player in brain development and maintaining a healthy nervous and immune system.

Vitamin B9

Get your genetic results to learn about your body's vitamin B9 needs. Keep reading to find out why you need vitamin B9 and what foods are rich in it.

Vitamin B9, also known as folate or folic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in DNA synthesis and cell division. It is very important during early pregnancy to prevent serious birth defects. It is also beneficial in the fight against atherosclerosis and depression.

Vitamin C

Get your genetic results to learn about your body's vitamin C needs. Learn more about what vitamin C is responsible for, how much you need, and what are the sources of it.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an important antioxidant that protects our cells from damage. It is an important component in the synthesis of collagen, a building protein that maintains the elasticity of soft tissues such as skin, bone, cartilage and blood vessels. It also plays a major role in the wound healing process.

Copper

Get your genetic results to uncover your body's need of copper in diet. Although it is rare to develop a copper deficiency, people who consume high amounts of zinc, iron, or vitamin C may need more copper. Always consult with your doctor before starting new supplements.

Copper is an essential nutrient for the human body with many important functions. It is involved in the formation of red blood cells and helps to form connective tissue, bones, skin and hair. Copper is also a key component in the production of enzymes involved in metabolism and energy production.

Phosphorus

Get your genetic results to uncover your body's needs of phosphorus. Phosphorus is a key element of bones, teeth, and cell membranes, and it plays a vital role in the healthy functioning of your whole body.

Phosphorus is a mineral that plays an important role in the human body. The main function of phosporus is in the formation and strengthening of bones and teeth. It's also needed for muscle contraction, a normal heartbeat and nerve signaling.

Selenium

Get your genetic results to uncover your body's needs of selenium. Selenium is an important nutrient that plays a huge role in the overall health and wellbeing of your organism, and thus its deficiency should be taken seriously.

Selenium is nutritionally essential mineral that is crucial for reproduction, thyroid hormones and DNA synthesis and plays an important role for the immune system and protection from infections. Foods rich in animal protein are generally good sources of selenium.

Vitamin D

Get your genetic results to uncover your body's vitamin D needs. Keep reading to find out why you need vitamin D and what are the sources of it.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for healthy bone development and structure, immunity and reducing levels of inflammation. The body synthesizes it from cholesterol when the skin is exposed to sunlight, but it is also possible to replenish the body's supply through food or dietary supplements.

Peanut Allergy

Get your genetic results to uncover your risk of developing allergy to peanuts.

Food allergies can occur at any time in an individual's life. However, it is important to note that peanut allergy develops spontaneously in adults very rarely.

Coffee Consumption

Get your genetic results to uncover whether you're genetically predisposed to higher consumption of coffee or not. This genetic risk score compares genetics of people who love coffee versus those who avoid it

Coffee is the most popular drink in many parts of the world.

Fitness and Sports

Certain changes in your DNA can help you find the exercise that suits you the best. Also, you can learn more about possible injury risks and try to prevent them in advance.

On each sports and dietary predisposition card in Macromo, you'll find an explanation of your genetic results, as well as recommendations to help you take the next steps towards better health.

Lactate Production

Get your genetic results to learn more about your body's lactate production. Lactate production is determined by the lactic acid levels in your blood; higher-than-normal levels may indicate some metabolic problems.

Sometimes your muscles need energy faster than they are supplied with oxygen. When there is a lack of oxygen (e.g. during exercise), glucose is metabolised into lactate instead of the usual pyruvate. The formation of lactate is an important process that allows our body to maintain energy production and therefore nutrition.

Muscle Regeneration

Get your genetic results to learn more about your body's predisposition to muscle regeneration. Muscle regeneration is an important process that restores your muscles in case of an injury and helps your body recover after exercise.

Muscle regeneration is a natural process that occurs in the body as a response to injury or damage to muscle tissue. It can be stimulated by exercise and nutrition and inhibited by certain factors such as age, disease, injury, and certain genetic mutations.

Endurance Capacity

Get your genetic results to learn more about your endurance capacity in response to endurance-focused exercise. Endurance capacity is a trait that may determine both, your physical activity levels and leanness.

Endurance is your body's capacity to sustain an exercise for an extended amount of time. It's made up of cardiovascular and muscular endurance; the first one refers to the ability of your heart and lungs to fuel your body with oxygen, while the latter indicate show long your muscles can work without getting tired.

Strength Capacity

Get your genetic results to learn more about your strength capacity. Your strength capacity determines your body's response to strength-based exercise.

Endurance is the ability to sustain a high level of physical activity for a long period of time, while strength is the ability to exert maximal force in a short period of time. This score determine show your genetics affect your strength type and your likely type of muscle fiber associated with it.

Optimal Training Type

Get your genetic results to uncover your optimal training type and find out what type of exercise is right for you. Keep reading to learn how to make the most of your workouts.

Each person responds to different types of exercise in an individual way influenced by genetics. Your optimal training type may determine the rate at which you respond to different kinds of exercise, which gives you the possibility to choose an activity type and level that matches your genetic profile.

Risk of Achilles Tendon Injury

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to Achilles Tendon injury. Some chronic conditions (such as diabetes, lupus, or gout) may increase your risk, as well as constant wearing high heels, starting a new type of exercise, or working out on uneven surfaces.

The Achilles tendon is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone and helping us to walk, run, jump, or stand on our toes. Achilles tendon rupture is a serious injury, requiring long-term treatment and rehabilitation usually lasting 3 to 12 months.

Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Many people are genetically predisposed to developing an anterior cruciate ligament injury, however, some sports and movements can increase one's risk.

The anterior cruciate ligament is the most injured ligament of the knee. It’s located within the joint cavity connecting the femur and tibia. The ligament is a crucial structure in providing stabilization of the knee by passively holding the knee together.

Physical Traits

Your genes affect many of your physical characteristics. Learn more about your heritable traits.

Genetic Height

Get your genetic results to find out how genetics influence your height. Keep reading to learn more.

80% of the final body height is estimated to be determined by your DNA. Nevertheless, environmental factors such as childhood diseases, nutrition, and even socioeconomic factors undoubtedly play a major role in your growth.

Earwax type

Get your genetic results to find out what type of earwax you have. This trait is entirely determined by your genes, so keep reading to learn more.

Ear wax (cerumen) is a waxy substance that ranges in color from brown to red and yellowish. The mix of secretions and dead skin cells does not only lubricate your ear canal, but also protects it from infections, dust, and irritation by water.

Facial & Body Hair

Get your genetic results to find out your predisposition to having a higher amount of body hair. This score is calculated based on a variety of genetic factors.

While the human body might appear almost hairless, in reality, it's covered with about 5 million hair follicles. Your genes determine how much body hair you have, it's distribution and how coarse is it.

Body Composition

Get your genetic results to learn more about your body composition. Body composition is different from your BMI and determines your response to exercise and dieting.

The body composition report aims to quantify the genetic factors that contribute to the variability in how our bodies are shaped, including the distribution of fat and non-fat components of your weight.

Male Pattern Baldness

Get your genetic results to uncover your predisposition to hair loss. While genetics can increase your risk, there are several things you can do to prevent it.

The most common cause of hair loss in men is so-called male pattern baldness, which is caused by a combination of genetics and hormone levels. Partly responsible for hair loss is the male hormone dihydrotestosterone.

Sleep and Wellness

There are many factors that contribute to our sleep, including genetics. Find out about your predispositions and take steps to sleep better, and feel less stressed.

Sleep Depth

Get your genetic results to learn how you’re predisposed to sleep depth. Keep reading to find out what are some easy ways to increase your deep sleep.

Sleep is an essential part of our lives. It helps us recover from our daily activities and stay mentally sharp. As we sleep, our bodies cycle through phases of lighter and deeper sleep. Each sleep stage has a unique function and role in maintaining our brain's overall cognitive performance.

Sleep Duration

Get your genetic results to learn how you’re predisposed to sleep length, compared to other people. Getting enough sleep is crucial for your health and well-being.

Sleep is an essential part of our lives. It helps us recover from everyday activities and maintain our mental balance. The optimal length of sleep varies by age group - healthy adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, while children and older individuals need more.

Sleep Quality

Get your genetic results to learn more about your sleep quality, and whether you're genetically predisposed to insomnia. Getting enough sleep is crucial for your health and well-being.

Stress Tolerance

Get your genetic results to find out your stress tolerance score. Keep reading to learn more about how stress affects your health and which techniques can help you manage stressful situations.

Sleep Time (Chronotype)

Get your genetic results to learn more about your sleep chronotype predisposition.

The sleep chronotype is the natural preference of the human body to sleep at a certain time. In addition to influencing sleep and wake times, our chronotype also determines our schedule of productivity and focus during the day.

Improve your Health

Get the guidelines for a healthier and longer life. With Macromo tests, you'll learn your health risks and how to prevent them.

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Recommendations

  • Your genetic information does not change during your lifetime. So a single test will give you information that is relevant for the rest of your life.
  • Many diseases are preventable with early lifestyle changes or medical intervention, so it is essential to know your risks in advance.
  • Macromo provides genetic results only for the diseases that can be influenced. So you don't have to worry about finding out your risk of diseases that are not preventable. Macromo doesn't even look for them, and moreover, most of the time the occurrence of non-controllable diseases is very well captured by the healthcare system and the affected families are well aware of them.
  • The genetic test is simple. It involves taking saliva at home and sending it to a laboratory.

Sources

The results and recommendations provided in Macromo are based on scientific studies and literature, which are described in more detail in the articles on individual diseases and traits on the Macromo Insider.

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